非常实用的法律词汇(中英对照)

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非常实用的法律词汇（中英对照）

♦
债转股 debt-to-equity swap
∙♦ 港元的联系汇率制 the linkage system between the US dollar and the HK dollar
∙♦ 坏帐、呆帐、死帐 bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ bad loan
∙♦ 反倾销措施 anti-dumping measures against...
∙♦ 通货紧缩 deflation
∙♦ 通货膨胀 inflation
∙♦ 非配额产品 quota-free products
∙♦ 非生产性投资 investment in non-productive projects
∙♦ 风险管理/评估 risk management/ assessment
∙♦ 风险基金 venture capital
∙♦ 风险准备金 loan loss provision/ provisions of risk
∙♦ 搞活国有大中型企业 revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises
∙♦ 规模经济 scale economy/ economies of scale
∙♦ 国合企业(即国有合作社) state-owned cooperatives
∙♦ 国际收支 balance of international payments/ balance of payment
∙♦ 国际收支不平衡 disequilibrium of balance of payment
∙♦ 国家补贴 public subsidies
∙♦ 国家现汇结存 state foreign exchange reserves
∙♦ 合理引导消费 guide rational consumption
∙♦ 季节性调价 seasonal price adjustments
∙♦
既成事实 established/accomplished facts
∙♦ 技工贸结合的科技型企业 scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and technological development with industrial and trade development
∙♦ 劳动密集性企业 labor-intensive enterprises
∙♦ 乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费 unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory donations and random levies on enterprises
∙♦ 千年问题、千年虫 millennium bug
∙♦ 企业技术改造 technological updating of enterprises
∙♦ 企业亏损补贴 subsidies to cover enterprise losses
∙♦ 实行国民待遇 grant the national treatment to
∙♦ 平等互利、讲求实效、形式多
样、共同发展的方针
　
pursuing practical results, adopting various ways and seeking common development/ the principle of equality, mutual benefit, efficiency, diversity and mutual development
∙♦ 瓶颈制约 "bottleneck" restrictions
　　
　
∙♦ 市场准人的行政管理措施 AAMA: Administrative Aspects of Market Access
∙♦ 亚太工商咨询理事会 ABAC: APEC Business Advisory Council
∙♦ 亚太商业论坛 ABF: APEC Business Forum
∙♦ 亚太通讯与数据系统 ACDS: APEC Communications and Database System
∙♦ 亚太中小企业技术交流与培训中心 ACTETSME: APEC Center for Technology Exchange and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises
∙♦ 亚洲开发银行 ADB: Asian Development Bank
∙♦ 亚太经合组织经济领导人会议 AELM: APEC Economic Leaders Meeting
∙♦ 东盟自由贸易区 AFTA: ASEAN Free Trade Area
∙♦
亚太经合组织级会议 AMM: APEC MinisteriaI Meeting
∙♦ 澳新紧密经济关系协定 ANZCERTA: Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement
∙♦ 亚太商业网络 APB-Net: Asia-Pacific Business Network
∙♦ 亚太经济合作组织 APEC: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
∙♦ 亚太能源研究中心 APERC: Asia Pacific Energy Research Center
∙♦ 亚太信息基础设施 APII: Asia-Pacific Information Infrastructure
∙♦ 亚太实验室认可合作 APLAC: Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation
∙♦ 亚太法定计量论坛 APLMF: Asia Pacific Legal Metrology Forum
∙♦ 亚太计量程序 APMP: Asia Pacific Metrology Program
∙♦ 东南亚国家联盟 ASEAN: Association of South-East Asian Nations
∙♦ 亚欧会议 ASEM: Asia-Europe Meeting
∙♦ 农业技术合作 ATC: Agricultural Technical Cooperation
　　
　
∙♦ 民事 civil
∙♦ 民事 civil affairs;affairs relating to civil law
∙♦ 民事上的占有 civil possesion
∙♦ 民事上的没收 civil forfeiture
∙♦ 民事上诉 civil appeal
∙♦ 民事主体 civil subject
∙♦
民事法律关系 civil legal relationship
∙♦ 民事活动 activity relating to civil law
∙♦ 民事纠纷 civil dispute
∙♦ 民事客体 civil object
∙♦ 民事原告 civil plaintiff
∙♦ 民事被告 civil defendant
∙♦ 民事指控 civil charge
∙♦ 民事案件 civil case
∙♦ 民事过失 civil negligence
∙♦ 民事责任事故 accident involving civil liability
∙♦ 民事补偿 civil remedy
∙♦ 民事诉讼 civil action
∙♦ 民事损害 civil injury
∙♦ 民事债务 civil debt
∙♦ 民事管辖 civil jurisdiction
∙♦ 民事制裁 civil sanction
∙♦ 民事审判 civil trial
∙♦ 民事调解 civil mediation
∙♦ 民事罚款 civil penalty
∙♦ 民事权利争议 dispute concerning private rights
∙♦
民事权利剥夺 deprived of private rights
∙♦ 民事权利请求 civil claim
∙♦ 民事权利变更 alternation of private right
∙♦ 民政 civil administraion
　　
　
∙♦ 民事权利与责任 civil right and liability
∙♦ 民事权利 civil right
∙♦ 人身权利 jura personarum; rights of the person
∙♦ 人格权 right of personality
∙♦ 上诉权 right of appeal
∙♦ 不受时效权 imprescriptible right
∙♦ 立遗嘱权 right to make a will
∙♦ 合法权利 legal right
∙♦ 共有权 communal tenure
∙♦ 求偿权 recoupment; recourse
∙♦ 居住权 right of habitation
∙♦ 使用权 right of use
∙♦ 委任权 power of pocuration
∙♦ 财产权 proprietatis; property right
∙♦
财产让与权 benefit of cession
∙♦ 起诉权 right of action
∙♦ 采光权 right of ancient lights
∙♦ 专用权 sole right of use
∙♦ 专有权 exclusive power
∙♦ 专利申请权 clailm of patent application
∙♦ 控告权 right of complaint
∙♦ 答辩权 right of reply
∙♦ 解释权 right to interpret
∙♦ 经济权利 economic right
∙♦ 债的请求权 debt claim
∙♦ 监护权 guardianship
∙♦ 选择权 right of choice
∙♦ 转卖权 right of resale
　　
　
∙♦ （当事方为进行仲裁或接受国际的管辖权而签订的）协定 compromis: a special agreement between States to submit a particular issue either to an arbitral tribunal or to the International Court of Justice
∙♦ 事实上 de facto: existing as a matter of fact rather than of right
∙♦ 法律上 de jure: as a matter of legal right
∙♦ 根据公允及善意的原则 ex aeque et bono: as a result of fair dealing and good conscience
∙♦
出于善意的 ex gratia: done as a matter of favour (An ex gratia payment is one not required to be made by a legal duty.)
∙♦ 依职权而自然获得 ex officio: by virtue of holding an office
∙♦ 事后的；溯及既往的 ex post facto: by a subsequent act (describing any legal act, such as a statute, which has retrospective effect)
∙♦ 主动的，自愿的 ex proprio motu(ex mero motu): of his own motion
∙♦ 不可抗力 force majueure(法语): irresistible compulsion or coercion
∙♦ 强制法 jus cogens(ius congens): coercive law; a rule or principle in international law that is so fundamental that it bins all states and does not allow any exceptions
∙♦ 万民法，万国法，国际法 jus gentium: the law of people; international law
∙♦ 法无明文不处罚 nulla poena sine lege: no penalty(punishment) without a law
∙♦ 法无明文不为罪 nullum crimen sine lege: no crime without a law
∙♦ 条约必须遵守原则 pact sunt servand: a pact is not to be surrendered (agreements are to be kept)
∙♦ 自身，本身；本质上 per se
∙♦ 不受欢迎的人（personna grata 受欢迎的人） personna non-grata
∙♦ 初步的，表面上的 prima facie: at first appearance; on the face of things
∙♦ 情势变迁原则 rebus sic standibus: change of circumstances
∙♦ 无主物 res nullius: an asset susceptible of acquisition but presently under the ownership or sovereignty of no legal person
∙♦ 未确定时日的 sine die: without a date
∙♦ 越权行为（与intra vires相对） ultra vires(act)
∙♦ 占领地保有原则 uti possidetis
　　
 Lesson Six 　
∙♦
民事责任 civil liability
∙♦ 不履行法律责任 omission
∙♦ 共同连带责任 joint and separate responsibility
∙♦ 完全责任 full liability
∙♦ 侵权责任 liability for tort
∙♦ 连带责任 joint liability
∙♦ 财产责任 property liability
∙♦ 过失责任 fault liability
∙♦ 替代责任 vicarious liability
∙♦ 无限责任 unlimited liability
∙♦ 单独责任 solitary liability
∙♦ 道德责任 moral obligation
∙♦ 监护责任 liability of guardian
∙♦ 严格责任赔偿 strict liability

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债转股	debt-to-equity swap
∙♦ 港元的联系汇率制	the linkage system between the US dollar and the HK dollar
∙♦ 坏帐、呆帐、死帐	bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ bad loan
∙♦ 反倾销措施	anti-dumping measures against...
∙♦ 通货紧缩	deflation
∙♦ 通货膨胀	inflation
∙♦ 非配额产品	quota-free products
∙♦ 非生产性投资	investment in non-productive projects
∙♦ 风险管理/评估	risk management/ assessment
∙♦ 风险基金	venture capital
∙♦ 风险准备金	loan loss provision/ provisions of risk
∙♦ 搞活国有大中型企业	revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises
∙♦ 规模经济	scale economy/ economies of scale
∙♦ 国合企业(即国有合作社)	state-owned cooperatives
∙♦ 国际收支	balance of international payments/ balance of payment
∙♦ 国际收支不平衡	disequilibrium of balance of payment
∙♦ 国家补贴	public subsidies
∙♦ 国家现汇结存	state foreign exchange reserves
∙♦ 合理引导消费	guide rational consumption
∙♦ 季节性调价	seasonal price adjustments

既成事实	established/accomplished facts
∙♦ 技工贸结合的科技型企业	scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and technological development with industrial and trade development
∙♦ 劳动密集性企业	labor-intensive enterprises
∙♦ 乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费	unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory donations and random levies on enterprises
∙♦ 千年问题、千年虫	millennium bug
∙♦ 企业技术改造	technological updating of enterprises
∙♦ 企业亏损补贴	subsidies to cover enterprise losses
∙♦ 实行国民待遇	grant the national treatment to
∙♦ 平等互利、讲求实效、形式多样、共同发展的方针	pursuing practical results, adopting various ways and seeking common development/ the principle of equality, mutual benefit, efficiency, diversity and mutual development
∙♦ 瓶颈制约	"bottleneck" restrictions


∙♦ 市场准人的行政管理措施	AAMA: Administrative Aspects of Market Access
∙♦ 亚太工商咨询理事会	ABAC: APEC Business Advisory Council
∙♦ 亚太商业论坛	ABF: APEC Business Forum
∙♦ 亚太通讯与数据系统	ACDS: APEC Communications and Database System
∙♦ 亚太中小企业技术交流与培训中心	ACTETSME: APEC Center for Technology Exchange and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises
∙♦ 亚洲开发银行	ADB: Asian Development Bank
∙♦ 亚太经合组织经济领导人会议	AELM: APEC Economic Leaders Meeting
∙♦ 东盟自由贸易区	AFTA: ASEAN Free Trade Area

亚太经合组织级会议	AMM: APEC MinisteriaI Meeting
∙♦ 澳新紧密经济关系协定	ANZCERTA: Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement
∙♦ 亚太商业网络	APB-Net: Asia-Pacific Business Network
∙♦ 亚太经济合作组织	APEC: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
∙♦ 亚太能源研究中心	APERC: Asia Pacific Energy Research Center
∙♦ 亚太信息基础设施	APII: Asia-Pacific Information Infrastructure
∙♦ 亚太实验室认可合作	APLAC: Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation
∙♦ 亚太法定计量论坛	APLMF: Asia Pacific Legal Metrology Forum
∙♦ 亚太计量程序	APMP: Asia Pacific Metrology Program
∙♦ 东南亚国家联盟	ASEAN: Association of South-East Asian Nations
∙♦ 亚欧会议	ASEM: Asia-Europe Meeting
∙♦ 农业技术合作	ATC: Agricultural Technical Cooperation


∙♦ 民事	civil
∙♦ 民事	civil affairs;affairs relating to civil law
∙♦ 民事上的占有	civil possesion
∙♦ 民事上的没收	civil forfeiture
∙♦ 民事上诉	civil appeal
∙♦ 民事主体	civil subject

民事法律关系	civil legal relationship
∙♦ 民事活动	activity relating to civil law
∙♦ 民事纠纷	civil dispute
∙♦ 民事客体	civil object
∙♦ 民事原告	civil plaintiff
∙♦ 民事被告	civil defendant
∙♦ 民事指控	civil charge
∙♦ 民事案件	civil case
∙♦ 民事过失	civil negligence
∙♦ 民事责任事故	accident involving civil liability
∙♦ 民事补偿	civil remedy
∙♦ 民事诉讼	civil action
∙♦ 民事损害	civil injury
∙♦ 民事债务	civil debt
∙♦ 民事管辖	civil jurisdiction
∙♦ 民事制裁	civil sanction
∙♦ 民事审判	civil trial
∙♦ 民事调解	civil mediation
∙♦ 民事罚款	civil penalty
∙♦ 民事权利争议	dispute concerning private rights

民事权利剥夺	deprived of private rights
∙♦ 民事权利请求	civil claim
∙♦ 民事权利变更	alternation of private right
∙♦ 民政	civil administraion


∙♦ 民事权利与责任	civil right and liability
∙♦ 民事权利	civil right
∙♦ 人身权利	jura personarum; rights of the person
∙♦ 人格权	right of personality
∙♦ 上诉权	right of appeal
∙♦ 不受时效权	imprescriptible right
∙♦ 立遗嘱权	right to make a will
∙♦ 合法权利	legal right
∙♦ 共有权	communal tenure
∙♦ 求偿权	recoupment; recourse
∙♦ 居住权	right of habitation
∙♦ 使用权	right of use
∙♦ 委任权	power of pocuration
∙♦ 财产权	proprietatis; property right

财产让与权	benefit of cession
∙♦ 起诉权	right of action
∙♦ 采光权	right of ancient lights
∙♦ 专用权	sole right of use
∙♦ 专有权	exclusive power
∙♦ 专利申请权	clailm of patent application
∙♦ 控告权	right of complaint
∙♦ 答辩权	right of reply
∙♦ 解释权	right to interpret
∙♦ 经济权利	economic right
∙♦ 债的请求权	debt claim
∙♦ 监护权	guardianship
∙♦ 选择权	right of choice
∙♦ 转卖权	right of resale


∙♦ （当事方为进行仲裁或接受国际的管辖权而签订的）协定	compromis: a special agreement between States to submit a particular issue either to an arbitral tribunal or to the International Court of Justice
∙♦ 事实上	de facto: existing as a matter of fact rather than of right
∙♦ 法律上	de jure: as a matter of legal right
∙♦ 根据公允及善意的原则	ex aeque et bono: as a result of fair dealing and good conscience

出于善意的	ex gratia: done as a matter of favour (An ex gratia payment is one not required to be made by a legal duty.)
∙♦ 依职权而自然获得	ex officio: by virtue of holding an office
∙♦ 事后的；溯及既往的	ex post facto: by a subsequent act (describing any legal act, such as a statute, which has retrospective effect)
∙♦ 主动的，自愿的	ex proprio motu(ex mero motu): of his own motion
∙♦ 不可抗力	force majueure(法语): irresistible compulsion or coercion
∙♦ 强制法	jus cogens(ius congens): coercive law; a rule or principle in international law that is so fundamental that it bins all states and does not allow any exceptions
∙♦ 万民法，万国法，国际法	jus gentium: the law of people; international law
∙♦ 法无明文不处罚	nulla poena sine lege: no penalty(punishment) without a law
∙♦ 法无明文不为罪	nullum crimen sine lege: no crime without a law
∙♦ 条约必须遵守原则	pact sunt servand: a pact is not to be surrendered (agreements are to be kept)
∙♦ 自身，本身；本质上	per se
∙♦ 不受欢迎的人（personna grata 受欢迎的人）	personna non-grata
∙♦ 初步的，表面上的	prima facie: at first appearance; on the face of things
∙♦ 情势变迁原则	rebus sic standibus: change of circumstances
∙♦ 无主物	res nullius: an asset susceptible of acquisition but presently under the ownership or sovereignty of no legal person
∙♦ 未确定时日的	sine die: without a date
∙♦ 越权行为（与intra vires相对）	ultra vires(act)
∙♦ 占领地保有原则	uti possidetis

 Lesson Six

民事责任	civil liability
∙♦ 不履行法律责任	omission
∙♦ 共同连带责任	joint and separate responsibility
∙♦ 完全责任	full liability
∙♦ 侵权责任	liability for tort
∙♦ 连带责任	joint liability
∙♦ 财产责任	property liability
∙♦ 过失责任	fault liability
∙♦ 替代责任	vicarious liability
∙♦ 无限责任	unlimited liability
∙♦ 单独责任	solitary liability
∙♦ 道德责任	moral obligation
∙♦ 监护责任	liability of guardian
∙♦ 严格责任赔偿	strict liability

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非常实用的法律词汇(中英对照)